![]() These went on to form the basis for the equations used in a widely cited 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU document, “Energy and Protein Requirements”. screened data from the literature dating between 1914 to 1980 and, after some fancy statistical analyses, produced predictive equations for both sexes for the following ages: 0-3, 3-10, 10-18, 18-30, 30-60 and >60 years. This is the perhaps the most commonly critiqued aspect of the IOM derivations, as it is thought that the correction factor may lead to overestimation of energy requirements for overweight and obese individuals. The equations were developed for both children and adults at a healthy weight with correction factors for overweight or obese individuals. It does not use the factorial method (the RMR x PAL calculation you see listed in-app) and is based on experiments using doubly labelled water. The methodology utilised here differs from others in its approach. The equations form the basis of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. It has also been shown in a number of studies to be a more accurate predictor of RMR among men than women.Īlso one of the more recently developed energy equations, the Institute of Medicine equation was first published in 2002. In reality, as age increases, the association between weight and RMR decreases, meaning that this equation is perhaps less appropriate for use among overweight or older groups. The main limitation of the Henry Oxford equation is that it assumes a linear association between RMR and weight. Please contact if you’d like some more information around this. Incorporation of stress factors within the EER are now available on the Nutritics health editions. More information on this can be found here. Both SACN 2011 and PENG 2011 publications also advised the use of this equation for prediction of energy requirements in healthy populations.įor patients who are ill, it is advisable to also apply a metabolic stress factor to account for the inflammatory response. In 2007, the British Dietetic association in their “Manual of Dietetic Practice” advised the use of this equation among modern, healthy adults and older adults. It is thought that the Henry Oxford equation represents all ethnicities well, as it is based on 10,502 men and women (n=5794, n=4708) from both developed and developing countries. The Henry Oxford equation is among the ‘newer’ equations and uses weight as the primary predictor of RMR. Therefore, when deciding on which is most fit for your client, it is worthwhile to consider the researchers’ initial objectives while developing the equation, and the profile of the original study cohort. Most formulas have used large cohorts of people as the basis of their predictive analyses. What do their age, weight, height and BMI look like? Our client summary tool will give you a nice overview of the aforementioned. While it quickly becomes clear that there are multiple factors you’ll need to consider when choosing an energy calculation formula, let’s start with the basics for now.įirstly, you’ll want to determine who your client is. Some studies have also suggested that hormones such as leptin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine may also play a significant role.An accurate assessment of RMR and EER should never be conducted without the consideration of all relevant conditions. Chronic health conditions are known to increase a patient’s energy requirements. If available, utilisation of your client’s fat free mass in your RMR calculations is highly advisable. Physical activity can greatly influence body composition and weight and thus, RMR. Research has suggested that RMR drops approximately 2% per decade. On average, men have a greater lean mass than women. Genetics, particularly race or ethnicity.Previous research has shown that RMR can vary significantly between individuals.
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